Operations Management The increasing amount of Mass Customization in Essay

Operations Management The increasing amount of Mass Customization in the Automobile industry - Essay Example At that time, it is fair to say that consumers were more interested in the function of the product, and in the case of Henry Ford, his market domination prevented other manufacturers from offering personalization as a unique selling point. However, as automobiles became more affordable, consumers began to seek ways with which they could customize their possessions with a view differentiating themselves from other consumers, and to create their own sense of identity. The growing need to establish this identity led to the gradual customization in the automobile industry where automobiles could be produced to match individual consumer needs (Mayland and Heiland 2005). Mass customization requires a significant amount of input from all suppliers and producers involved in the operations management process. Each of these suppliers and producers will be part of other industries as well, which have their own technological advances and business strategies. For mass customization to be efficien t the automobile industry will have to look at changing its supplier relationships, but in doing so has to ensure that its relationship is not affect its suppliers relationship with producers. The automobile industry will therefore need to adopt a few examples of good practice from the service industry, as mass customization has introduced the consumer into its processes. Mass customization is likely to create a network of suppliers and a supply chain that is unique to traditional ones, but this may also involve adopting totally radical business strategies to maintain the inefficiencies. This may involve forming business alliances and partnerships that will enable the automobile industry to working closely with its suppliers by sharing more information and being involved in planning and forecasting as a group, as opposed to individually Table of Contents I. 1.0 History & Background of the Automobile industry The automobile industry is one which has its roots in America following the mass production of cars by Henry Ford in 1912 (Mozian et al 2007). The mass production of automobiles has now become a global phenomenon with other countries such as Germany, Brazil and Japan being key players in the industry. As a result of this global reach the automobile industry is experiencing influences which have forced the industry to re-assess the way they work. For instance, manufacturers are having changing relationships with their customers, as more demand high levels of personalization; manufacturers are having to form new partnerships with suppliers in order to meet their customer demands in terms of quality and cost; and these two influences have led to the need to re-invent the factory floor to accommodate the numbers and degrees of personalization demanded by the customer (Benko and McFarlane 2003). When Henry Ford mass produced the automobile in 1912, he introduced the concept of mass production which made it possible for industries to manufacture standard products in large quantities at low unit costs (Mayland and Heiland 2005). This meant that the automobile industry at that time, could manufacture automobiles that were identical, and this was largely possible due to consumer attitudes. At that time, it is fair to say that consumers

African Americans and the Prison System Essay Example for Free

African Americans and the Prison System Essay I. Introduction In the book the Mugging of Black America, Earl Ofari Hutchinson relays an interesting experience by a reporter. The reporter, who spent two and a half hours watching suspects march before Washington, D. C. Superior Court Judge Morton Berg, noted that all but one of these subjects was Black. He stated, ? Â §There is an odd air about the swift afternoon? Xan atmosphere like that of British Africa in colonial times? Xas the procession of tattered, troubled, scowling, poor blacks plead guilty or not guilty to charges of drug possession, drug distribution, assault, armed robbery, theft, breaking in, fraud and arson. According to Hutchinson, the reporter witnessed more than a courtroom scene; he witnessed the legacy of slavery. This paper will attempt expand on Hutchinson? Â ¦s theory. It will do so by first describing slavery and its lasting impact then it will attempt to show how the current criminal justice system mirrors slavery. PART 1: Slavery I. The History of Oppression and African Americans The history of the oppression as it relates to African Americans began in 1619. It was this year in which a Dutch ship brought the first slaves from Africa to North America. Following this arrival of twenty Africans in Virginia, white European-Americans created the institution of slavery. Slavery spread so quickly that by 1860 the original twenty slaves turned into nearly four million. In the beginning the legal status of these Africans was undefined. This absent definition created a lack of certainty which allowed for some slaves to become free after years of service. This only lasted briefly. In the 1660s, however, the colonies began enacting laws that defined and regulated slaves and the institution of slavery. One of the most important of these was the provision that black slaves, and the children of slave women, would serve for life. These ? Â §breeding laws were just the beginning. Soon, slavery in the United States was governed by a body of laws developed from the 1660s to the 1860s. Even though every slave state had its own slave code and case law, it became universal that slavery was a permanent condition. In addition to slavery being a permanent condition, slaves were also, under these laws, considered property. Slaves, being property, could not own property or be a party to a contract. Since marriage is a form of a contract, slave marriages had no legal standing. Most codes also had sections regulating free blacks. Under these codes blacks who were not slaves were still subject to controls on their movements and employment. These laws served not only as a physical limitation, but an ideological one also. In addition to granting slave owners and white people power over slaves and in some cases free blacks, the laws also granted slaveholders and white-Europeans an intangible source of power. Socially, the institution of slavery allowed white slave owners to believe they had not only physical control, but physical and mental superiority over the slaves. With only a few exceptions, all slaves were Africans. This fact placed the label of inferiority on black skin. The actual institution of slavery as it relates to master and slave lasted up in till the Civil war. The American Civil War was fought, in part, over slavery. During the war, President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which ? Â §freed all slaves. This seemingly, brought the end of slavery throughout the United States, but unfortunately left a lasting impression. From this point on slavery took on a new form as former slaves being associated with the label of inferiority. II. The lasting effects of slavery: continuous oppression Slavery is defined by Webster? Â ¦s dictionary as ? Â §The state of being under the control of another person . Aalthough the actual physical control and violence supposedly ended after the emancipation proclamation, The intangible theory of supremacy derived from the institution of slavery resulted in many lasting effects. These effects in and of themselves are a form of force, a form slavery. a. The lost sense of culture and cultural pride: Feeling of inferiority Slave drivers made great efforts to eliminate African culture. For instance Africans were beaten if they were caught speaking their native languages or carrying out native rituals . Therefore, they were not able to effectively pass the languages, stories and traditions on to their children. This forced suppression resulted in the loss of verbal records and a rich legacy of history. It is no secret that there is pride in culture. Taking away the culture takes away the pride and the motivation and results in feelings of worthlessness. b. no economic foundation Slave drivers not only attempted to deprive the Africans of there culture and pride, but they successfully robbed them economically. Slaves were forced to work without pay for years while padding the pockets of the slave owners. This deficit of economics resulted in an inability to establish an economic foundation in the United States. c. Unleveled playing field Along with the deprivation of financial resources, another significant factor concerning the state of African Americans is arrested development. Slaves were deprived of opportunities to learn and become more competitive in many areas of society. Black people were not allowed to read or learn to read, so they could not take advantage of written text. All these lasting effects placed blacks in a severely disadvantaged state when slavery was abolished, led a socioeconomic structure in which white people generally held the highest ranks and Black people generally held the lowest ranks. III. Maintaining oppression In order to maintain this socioeconomic structure, there always seems to be a new form of oppression set in place to maintain ? Â §slavery. As if the above detrimental effects of slavery were not enough, the White southerners were anxious to maintain more direct power and control over people with black skin, despite there classification as ? Â §free. The White southerners decided to, again, use the law in order crystallize there theory of inferiority and keep black people at the lowest ranks. In 1865, southerners created Black Codes, which served as a way to control and inhibit the freedom of ex-slaves. These historic Codes controlled almost all aspects of life, and prohibited African Americans from almost all the freedoms that had been won during the Civil War. The codes, which were blatantly racist and oppressive, were eventually suspended in June 1866, during the ? Â §reconstruction era. During this time period in America and despite resistance, African-Americans were slowly becoming part of this nations inclusion. By 1868, the 14th Amendment to the Constitution confirmed the long awaited citizenship for Blacks in America. By 1870, the 15th Amendment was added to the Constitution which made it illegal to deny the right to vote based on race. The Reconstruction era, although short-lived, showed the first real attempts of inclusive freedom for African-Americans since the abolition of slavery. Gains were taking place: Citizenship, Voting, Education, and Politics. But, the underlying desire to have power over those in black skin never subsided. Just like the black Codes, this desire to dominate again manifested itself in another form, Jim Crow Laws. These laws promoted discrimination and the denial of equal protection by law. Just like the codes, they too were eventually abolished. Just like the Codes, Jim Crow laws, the desire of our society to suppress those in black skin will soon take another form. Today that form is the Criminal Justice System. PART 2 The New Age Slavery: The Prison System I. The Prison Institution Prisons are big in the United States. During the past 20 years, the United States experienced a massive increase in incarceration. The prison population increased fourfold, from 330,000 in 1980 to nearly 1. 4 million in 1999, and the incarceration rate increased from about 140 to about 476 per 100,000 resident populations. Today there are more than two million Americans behind bars. But even more startling is the fact that more than one-half of these incarcerated Americans have black skin. Although black Americans only make up about 12% of the US population, they account for more then 30% of all arrests, 44% of all prisoners and 40% of prisoners on death row. II. Race and the Prison System These obvious disparities in the criminal justice system can be attributed to many different things ranging from racial profiling to the lack of opportunity and poor education, but most criminal justice observers believe that these disparities have emerged from the underlying assumptions rooted in slavery. The assumption that slaves were inferior has carried over to today. Currently this theory of inferiority and desire to maintain oppression influences one of the major policies in place attacking African Americans today, the ? Â §war on drugs. Most of the shocking disparities in the criminal Justice System as it relates to African Americans in prison can be attributed to the ? Â §war on drugs. According to a study by Human Rights Watch, African-Americans comprise 62 percent of the drug offenders admitted to state prisons. In seven states, blacks constitute between 80 and 90 percent of all people sent to prison on drug charges. According to studies of the U. S. Commission on Civil Rights, African-Americans constitute 15 percent of the national drug users, but comprise an amazing one-third of all those arrested on drug charges and 57 percent of those convicted on drug charges. The criminal justice system generally, and contemporary crime and drug policies in particular, serve as a means for White America to control the African Americans like they did in the 1600 . III. The lasting oppression Similarly to the black codes and segregation implemented after the abolition of slavery; restrictions are placed on prisoners after they are released. Once a prisoner is released from prison, parole and the bans on public assistance, public housing restrictions, etc. create barriers and a seemingly doomed cycle of dominance. Since half of the prisoners in prison are African American, these barriers, like the lasting effects of slavery, have a disproportionate effect on our black communities. III. The effects of oppression According to the Department of Justice? Â ¦s Bureau of Justice statistics, the number of adults in prison, jail, or on probation or parole reached almost 7 million during 2004. Since Blacks comprise 30 percent of probationers and 41 percent of prisoners. That means around 4,500,000 African Americans are affected directly by the criminal justice system. Unfortunately those African Americans sent to prison or under parole are not the only people affected. The impact on the black community does not stop at the prison door, conversely it goes far beyond. Even after a prisoner is released there are lasting effects to the prisoner, his or her family and the community as a whole. a. Demise of the Black family One effect of the high rate of incarceration of African American males in particular has been the decreasing number of marriageable men in the African American community. Along with high rates of homicide, AIDS-related deaths and other factors, this has created a substantial imbalance in the male-female ratio among adult African Americans. Whereas gender ratios for African Americans at birth are about 102-103 males for every 100 females, by the age range 40-44, this declines to 86 males per 100 females, whereas white rates are 100:100 for this group. b. Lost political voice The impact of the criminal justice system on the black community goes beyond the declining family structure to issues of political influence as well. As a result of laws that disenfranchise felons and ex-felons in various states, an estimated 1. 4 million African American males, or 13% of the black male adult population, is either currently or permanently disenfranchised as a result of a felony conviction. In fourteen states, a felony conviction can result in lifetime disenfranchisement, and in seven of these states, an estimated one in four black males is permanently disenfranchised. Thus, not only are criminal justice policies contributing to the disproportionate incarceration of African Americans, but imprisonment itself then reduces the collective political ability of African Americans to influence these policies. V. Solutions The constant demise in the structure of the black family, lost political influence and seemingly arrested development are all very familiar results of a history of oppression. Since these effects of slavery and disparities in the criminal justice system seemingly steam from hundreds of years ago there is no quick fix. Ideally the answer would lie in the destruction of all prejudice. But, it is impossible to erase the deep seated legacy and resurfacing effects of slavery. Therefore this problem must be attacked from a variety of different angles. Recommendations for change can be considered in the areas of awareness, legislative change, criminal justice officials? Â ¦ initiatives, and criminal justice/community partnerships. The following are some suggested that will allow for a beginning to a seemingly circular and endless problem. 1. Legislative Actions Legislation should be pushed to Reconsider Mandatory Sentencing Policies and Equalize Penalties for Crack and Powder Cocaine . 2. Criminal Justice Officials? Â ¦ Initiatives ?n Criminal Justice Officials should Expand Drug Policy Options And Expand the Use of Alternative Sentencing 3. Criminal Justice/Community Partnerships. The criminal Justice system and the community should attempt to Increase Community-based Diversion from the Criminal Justice System And Strengthen the Link between Communities and the Justice System VI. Closing Oppression in the form of institutionalization is nothing new to those dressed in black skin; it has been present since 1619. In this year Africans were brought to the United States and forced into the institution of slavery. Even after the abolition of slavery, a series of codes and segregation laws were set in place to maintain the suppression of black people because black skin was stigmatized as inferior. Even though the prejudice and biased codes and laws were eventually abolished themselves, this stigma remains. Because this theory of black inferiority was embedded in the American culture due to slavery, various means of oppression are able to continually resurface in different forms. Today that form is Criminal Justice System, more specifically the drug policies. Practically mirroring the institution of slavery, African Americans are being controlled and dominated by this system. Control by the USCJS includes the probation, parole, imprisonment, lost economic power, struggling communities and lost political voice. In order to end this vicious cycle of oppression, action must be taken. First people must be made aware of the disparities. Next those who are made aware must press for legislative change, criminal justice officials? Â ¦ initiatives, and criminal justice/community partnerships. The challenge for the community at large is to engage in broad discussion of the mix of family, community, and government initiatives that can begin to reverse the cycle that has been set in motion in recent years. Let? Â ¦s do what Abraham attempted o do in 1877, let? Â ¦s end this legacy of slavery.

Risk-Based Monitoring of Survival Data

Risk-Based Monitoring of Survival Data Zhang Zhizhuo Summary In clinical trials, on-site monitoring is traditionally used to validate trial data quality, reveal abnormal data and identify risk factors. But little evidence has found is has positive effect on bias reduction and precision improvement. Central monitoring is an alternative of on-site monitoring, which can identify sites with higher risks of bias, errors and deviations remotely and effectively. Time to event is commonly employed as endpoint especially in tumor therapy trial. Any factors that may reduce the accuracy and precision of survival data would lead to a biased trial result. So survival data can be a potential target for central risk-based monitoring. By revealing unusual pattern or inaccuracy of survival data in site level, risk sites can be identified. This study aims to establish an algorithm and a risk model for monitoring survival data and identifying risk sites, and to generate a reusable SAS program for future application of the risk model. Metrics of abnormal event count and proportion in each site will be served as monitoring target. Test for difference between proportions comparing each site with other sites will be applied on proportion data. For rare event, Poisson loglinear regression will be used for calculate relative risk of abnormal event occurrence between each site and other sites. Risk flag on particular site will be reported when a significant result occur. Table of Content Summary 1. Background 3. Objectives 4. Study Design 5. Methodology 5.1 Restructure datasets according to CDISC 5.2 Algorithm 5.3 Model validation and generalization 5.4 SAS Programming 5.5 Dataset 6. Expected outcomes References Appendix A Appendix B 1.Background In clinical trials, quality assurance including site performance and data validity is the essential foundation of maximizing precision of trial results. Varies types of error may occur in all aspect in clinical trials: design error, procedural error, recording error, fraud and analytical error [1]. Any factors involved with these errors are considered as risks. Different monitoring methods can be allocated to detect and reveal specific kinds of risks in clinical trials: trial oversight committee, on-site monitoring and central monitoring. Traditionally, data quality of clinical trials is validated by on-site monitoring. On-site visiting is an expensive monitoring approach which take approximate 30% of total trial costs in pharmaceutical industry [2]. However, 84% of the pharmaceutical industry and 89% of Contract Research Organizations (CRO) still rely heavily on practices of on-site visiting [3]. Despite this current situation, little evidence has found that on-site monitoring has significant positive effect on bias reduction and precision improvement in clinical trials. Recently, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [4] published â€Å"Guidance for Industry: Oversight of Clinical Investigations—A Risk-Based Approach to Monitoring.† In this guidance, FDA encourages greater use of centralized monitoring practices. Using these approaches, sites with higher risks of bias, errors and deviations can be identified remotely. By only visiting sites of concerns instead of 100% source data verification, costs and time can be reduced effectively. So far, many statistical methods have been developed to be employed in centralized monitoring, which are proved to be efficient and reliable [5-9]. These statistical methods form the cornerstone of risk-based monitoring. In clinical trials, time to event is commonly employed as endpoint to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment. Especially in cancer therapy trials, time to progression is served as tumor-assessment endpoint (when majority of deaths are unrelated to the disease) [10] or even primary endpoint. Any factors that may reduce the accuracy and precision of this kind of data – survival data – would lead to a biased trial result, and the interpretation of the result might become inaccurate or of no value. While conducting a multicenter trial, it is of vital importance to check the validity of data updated at intervals, to identify the sites of concern and correct actions of risk. Factors involved with survival outcome including missing data, illogical data and abnormal data, can be a potential targets for risk-based monitoring survival data. Presently, Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC) [11] provides â€Å"standards to support the acquisition, exchange, submission and archive of clinical research data and metadata.† In advantage of CDISC normative data structure, especially Study Dara Tabulation Model (SDTM) and Analysis Data Model (ADaM), a data template can be established while the multicenter trial is ongoing. All data generated in the trial can be updated and restructured on the basis of the data template. This kind of formatted data structure provides great convenience for routinely data monitoring and validation. Meanwhile, once an algorithm for risk-based monitoring is generated, statistical model is build and the corresponding SAS program is coded, they can be applied to several trials and datasets which sharing the same monitoring target. 3.Objectives To establish an algorithm and a risk model for monitoring survival data, which is required to be capable of identifying trial centers with risk factors by revealing abnormal data; To generalize the algorithm and the risk model for application on clinical trials; To generate a reusable SAS program for application of the risk model. 4.Study Design Choose adequate metrics according to conventional monitoring targets, establish the algorithm and risk model, set appropriate criteria for risk flag. Apply the risk model on a real clinical trial dataset, identify risk sites. Compare the sites identified by model and sites with high risk known in advance, calculate sensitivity and specificity of the risk model. Generalize the risk model according to validation result, generate reusable SAS program for the risk model. 5.Methodology 5.1 Restructure datasets according to CDISC By implementation of Study Data Tabulation Model (SDTM), raw data will be sorted in formatted tabulations with observations of individual subjects. Attributes (name, label, type, length, description, etc.) of every metadata will be reset to meet SDTM conventions. And variables will be classified into corresponding domains. By implementation of Analysis Data Model (ADaM), data will first be structured into the subject-level analysis dataset (ADSL) formats. Subject-level variables will be specified to be ready for analysis. Specific variables will be calculated and formatted into Basic Data Structure (BDS) for site-level data analysis. CDISC template for risk model establishment is listed in Appendix A. All the original data will be structured in standardized formats according to this template. And this CDISC template will be reusable for future application. 5.2 Algorithm The statistical methods for different metrics to report risk flag are summarized in Table 1. Metrics: Monitoring targets for the risk model is chosen according to conventional monitoring practice. They will be missing randomization date, missing screening date, illogical date, censoring, death and tumor response. These kinds of data is involved with data integrity and data accuracy, and may has potential effect on survival data. Abnormal events in each target of every site will be counted and corresponding proportion will be calculated. Test for difference between proportions: Proportion metrics of each site will be compared with other sites by calculating t statistics and corresponding p-value. Sites with p-value (two-tailed) Poisson loglinear regression: For rare events (proportion metrics in sites are generally very low), Poisson loglinear regression will be implied to obtain point estimate and confidence interval (CI) of risk ratio (RR) in each site. CI of RR does not contain 1 will be considered as risk factor, and site will be marked by risk flag. 5.3 Model validation and generalization Apply the monitoring model on a real clinical trial dataset of which the risks have already known. Risk sites are expected to be marked with risk flag, and the opposite for sites without risks. Accuracy of the model will be tested by calculating sensitivity and specificity. In order to generalize the risk model for application on clinical trial data, proper metrics and corresponding statistical methods will be chosen to acquire higher accuracy and balance sensitivity and specificity. For example, if missing data proportions in sites are generally high, test for comparison between proportions will be used to identify risk site; however, if missing data proportion in each site is generally low, then missing data count will be considered as the appropriate metric and Poisson loglinear regression will be allocated. 5.4 SAS Programming Statistical software applied to this project will be SAS, version 9.3. All the procedures will be processed by SAS program. Macros will be utilized to make the program reusable. Flow charts of SAS programming logic are listed in Appendix B. 5.5 Dataset Dataset is from a real clinical trial data. Risk information of dataset is already known. Dataset will be used for external validation of the model. 6.Expected outcomes Establish a risk model for central statistical monitoring of survival data in clinical trials. Generate a SAS program reusable and applicable in pharmaceutical industries and CROs. Write an article for graduation. References Baigent C, Harrell FE, Buyse M, Emberson JR, Altman DG. Ensuring trial validity by data quality assurance and diversification of monitoring methods. Clinical Trials 2008 February 01;5(1):49-55. Eisenstein EL, Collins R, Cracknell BS, Podesta O, Reid ED, Sandercock P, et al. Sensible approaches for reducing clinical trial costs. Clinical Trials 2008 February 01;5(1):75-84. Morrison BW, Cochran CJ, White JG, Harley J, Kleppinger CF, Liu A, et al. Monitoring the quality of conduct of clinical trials: a survey of current practices. Clinical Trials 2011 June 01;8(3):342-349. FDA. Guidance for Industry: Oversight of Clinical Investigations—A Risk-Based Approach to Monitoring. 2013 August. Venet D, Doffagne E, Burzykowski T, Beckers F, Tellier Y, Genevois-Marlin E, et al. A statistical approach to central monitoring of data quality in clinical trials. Clinical Trials 2012 December 01;9(6):705-713. Pogue JM, Devereaux P, Thorlund K, Yusuf S. Central statistical monitoring: Detecting fraud in clinical trials. Clinical Trials 2013 April 01;10(2):225-235. Buyse M, George SL, Evans S, Geller NL, Ranstam J, Scherrer B, et al. The role of biostatistics in the prevention, detection and treatment of fraud in clinical trials. Stat Med 1999 Dec 30;18(24):3435-3451. Bakobaki JM, Rauchenberger M, Joffe N, McCormack S, Stenning S, Meredith S. The potential for central monitoring techniques to replace on-site monitoring: findings from an international multi-centre clinical trial. Clinical Trials 2012 April 01;9(2):257-264. Kirkwood AA, Cox T, Hackshaw A. Application of methods for central statistical monitoring in clinical trials. Clinical Trials 2013 October 01;10(5):783-806. FDA. Guidance for Industry: Clinical Trial Endpoints for the Approval of Cancer Drugs and Biologics. 2007 May. Available at: http://www.cdisc.org/CDISC-Vision-and-Mission. Appendix A Appendix B 1

game :: essays research papers

Gigabyte has finally unveiled their new video card based on the Radeon 8500. The Radeon 8500 has been recieving good press from other review sites and users with the latest drivers. Gigabyte has decided to jump on the bandwagon and released their 8500 based card with a core/clock of 275/275MHz. The Maya Serial as it will be called will feature 3.6NS ram which is on par with the retail ATI Radeon 8500. It also features Gigabyte's V-Tuner which allows temperature monitoring and overclocking. This should allow users to monitor temperatures of the Graphics Card more accurately then when measured with devices such as a Compunurse. Gigabyte Announces All New Graphics card Called ?g MAYA Serial ?h With ATi GPU Gigabyte has always concentrated the efforts in bringing top-of-the-line and admirable product to the global market. MAYA Serial 3D graphics accelerator, the masterpiece with newly released ATi Chipset, offers numerously genius designs and utilities you have never seen. It also supports high-speed DDR SDRAM memory?iAP Serial?j, ensured a outstanding 3D graphics performance even in the high loading of 3D Applications or 3D multi-work. As the MAYA Serial required a better heatsink, not surprisingly the card is fitted with a bigger fan-sink as well as heatsinks High performance on the RAM module?iAP/AR Serial?jto make the overclocked components run as stable as possible. All MAYA Serial utilizes the recently announced DirectX 8.x driver, providing unprecedented levels of 3D game performance and animation quality, enable users to experience a rich 3D environment. Gigabyte patented graphics accelerator driver / V-Tuner Utility In order to meet market requirement, the patented driver included a driver interface specific designed for MAYA Serial graphics accelerators called ?gV-Tuner?h. When users install the V-Tuner, the driver icon will be appeared and exists in the desktop. As long as you right click the icon, V-Tuner will generate a full-function optional menu immediately. game :: essays research papers Gigabyte has finally unveiled their new video card based on the Radeon 8500. The Radeon 8500 has been recieving good press from other review sites and users with the latest drivers. Gigabyte has decided to jump on the bandwagon and released their 8500 based card with a core/clock of 275/275MHz. The Maya Serial as it will be called will feature 3.6NS ram which is on par with the retail ATI Radeon 8500. It also features Gigabyte's V-Tuner which allows temperature monitoring and overclocking. This should allow users to monitor temperatures of the Graphics Card more accurately then when measured with devices such as a Compunurse. Gigabyte Announces All New Graphics card Called ?g MAYA Serial ?h With ATi GPU Gigabyte has always concentrated the efforts in bringing top-of-the-line and admirable product to the global market. MAYA Serial 3D graphics accelerator, the masterpiece with newly released ATi Chipset, offers numerously genius designs and utilities you have never seen. It also supports high-speed DDR SDRAM memory?iAP Serial?j, ensured a outstanding 3D graphics performance even in the high loading of 3D Applications or 3D multi-work. As the MAYA Serial required a better heatsink, not surprisingly the card is fitted with a bigger fan-sink as well as heatsinks High performance on the RAM module?iAP/AR Serial?jto make the overclocked components run as stable as possible. All MAYA Serial utilizes the recently announced DirectX 8.x driver, providing unprecedented levels of 3D game performance and animation quality, enable users to experience a rich 3D environment. Gigabyte patented graphics accelerator driver / V-Tuner Utility In order to meet market requirement, the patented driver included a driver interface specific designed for MAYA Serial graphics accelerators called ?gV-Tuner?h. When users install the V-Tuner, the driver icon will be appeared and exists in the desktop. As long as you right click the icon, V-Tuner will generate a full-function optional menu immediately.

It is important to know right from wrong Essay

During this essay I am going to try to prove that it is important to know right form wrong. I am also going to explain how different cultures; backgrounds and circumstances can change people’s morals on right and wrong. An example of how people morals can changes due to circumstances is war. How is war different to murder? War can be defending the country you live in from being invaded and taken over. If your countries soldiers don’t shoot the invading soldiers then you would either be dead or living somewhere everything about you is considered wrong just because of you nationality. However, war can be attack where your country is the one who is invading another. But either way, does the little man have a choice? The little man has to do what his leader tells him to avoid being named a traitor or being killed by the enemy. In my opinion war isn’t murder. If both sides have weapons and neither side has a choice because if they don’t shoot first then they’ll end up dead. It’s a no win situation. However, a person who commits murder can have a choice. Murders can happen due to jealous or revenge or even pure hate of the person. But the murderer has a choice or whether or not to take someone else’s life. There is an exception in my opinion of somebody who is beaten up or constantly being injured by his or her spouse. I’m not saying women who get beaten up or men who do because it can happen both ways. There is a point in some people where they snap and can’t take any more and their hidden anger get released and they can murder someone in a moment of losing control. This does bring up the question ‘Is suicide murder?’ and one which I can’t answer myself for many reasons and therefore I’m unable to give my opinion on it. Some people may consider self harm to be a sickness and that even thinking about suicide is murdering yourself. If the life is yours to take who decides if you take it or not? Other people, maybe those who have considered it themselves believe it can be a way of escaping a situation rather than fighting through it and even that considering it is just bringing them to a conclusion that nobody else has reached yet. Is murder right or wrong? Murder is wrong in circumstances and can be right in others, the same for suicide. It all depends on the point of view that somebody looks at it from. There are always going to be exceptions in murder and suicide so nobody can give a clear right or wrong answer. Another example of right and wrong is the black and white version. The law is in black and white and doesn’t consider exceptions in many cases. The legal age of understanding the difference between right and wrong is ten years old in the United Kingdom. No child under the age of ten can be prosecuted and even those who are older are very rarely prosecuted as the CPS (Crown Prosecution Service) doesn’t always agree to go ahead with the cases. Some cases do go through such as the case when Robert Thompson and Jon Venables murdered James Bulger. The CPS did agree with prosecuting them as they had taken a life and the chance of getting a conviction was realistic. The law has to be in black and white to ensure they treat everybody equally To know the difference between right and wrong you have to have substantial judgement to know when something you are doing is wrong. Growing up living in a location where burglary and violence are everyday occurrences can tilt the persons point of view on right and wrong. Circumstances can change the way their view is on different situations and the basic common sense that people have can cause the person to have different outlooks on different situations. This can cause their view of right and wrong to lead them to things they wouldn’t do other wise and end up in prison for committing a crime that they didn’t even know is wrong. Is it possible to unknowingly do something wrong? I believe that it is possible to do something wrong without realising it is wrong. It depends on common sense and the situation. In my opinion it is important to know the difference between right and wrong. If you don’t then you can do things unknowingly that are wrong and kill somebody due to not understanding the consequences of your actions. This makes it important to know the difference and be able to judge a situation on whether it’s right or wrong yourself. Ethics and morals are part of everybody’s opinions on whether something is right or wrong that means that your opinion has more influence on your actions and the way you treat other people than you realise. The problem with just saying it is wrong to murder or war is murder is that things aren’t that simple. The world isn’t in black and white like the law, it is in colour and so many things and situations have an exception, which is why people have to understand the difference between right and wrong so they can be able to judge the world for themselves.

Free Essays on First Impressions

First Impressions First impressions are often formed when people observe others for the first time and use those observations to determine their personality traits. They play a very important role in human interactions because it affects people's anticipation for reactions from others. But at often times, we do not understand how first impressions are formed and are not aware of the inaccuracy of our judgments of other people. But still, first impressions are important, especially when a when you need to make a good impression for certain things like job interviews or when you want respect from someone. A good impression does not always mean you can be yourself. Many people judge you on certain things like your looks, the way you talk, based on your kind of personality, or even your race. Sometimes it might even be called criticism. For example, if a person wears glasses, you obvious think they are smart or a nerd. But for me, it's often based on how I look. When I started classes at Grove, I've already known some people in my honor classes because I've already been to Junior High with them. I don't really know them, but we often say "hi" to one another. After awhile I have become close to one of them and she admits that at first, she was surprised I was in the honors classes because of the way I dress and my wearing make-up makes me seem like the type that doesn't belong there. I also admit I thought she was so smart because she wears glasses and she's Korean. Don't be shock, it's not racism, it's only because I see that Korean people are very smart and successful. I've come to re spect her and her intelligence for who she is and how hard she works. When people meet me for the first time, I find that they are somewhat intimidated by me. I bet some people even think I'm stuck up or something because I don't smile or say hi to them all the time. It matters the way you treat people, but in my case, the way I don't treat people. T... Free Essays on First Impressions Free Essays on First Impressions First Impressions First impressions are often formed when people observe others for the first time and use those observations to determine their personality traits. They play a very important role in human interactions because it affects people's anticipation for reactions from others. But at often times, we do not understand how first impressions are formed and are not aware of the inaccuracy of our judgments of other people. But still, first impressions are important, especially when a when you need to make a good impression for certain things like job interviews or when you want respect from someone. A good impression does not always mean you can be yourself. Many people judge you on certain things like your looks, the way you talk, based on your kind of personality, or even your race. Sometimes it might even be called criticism. For example, if a person wears glasses, you obvious think they are smart or a nerd. But for me, it's often based on how I look. When I started classes at Grove, I've already known some people in my honor classes because I've already been to Junior High with them. I don't really know them, but we often say "hi" to one another. After awhile I have become close to one of them and she admits that at first, she was surprised I was in the honors classes because of the way I dress and my wearing make-up makes me seem like the type that doesn't belong there. I also admit I thought she was so smart because she wears glasses and she's Korean. Don't be shock, it's not racism, it's only because I see that Korean people are very smart and successful. I've come to re spect her and her intelligence for who she is and how hard she works. When people meet me for the first time, I find that they are somewhat intimidated by me. I bet some people even think I'm stuck up or something because I don't smile or say hi to them all the time. It matters the way you treat people, but in my case, the way I don't treat people. T...